For BIAS measurements on woodwind instruments, the same applies in principle as for brass instruments. Intonation can be calculated from the position of the peaks of an impedance curve, and response can be deduced from the height of the peaks. The measurements can be used to check or find cross and alternative fingerings.

And just as one cannot measure the properties of human lips with BIAS and therefore their properties are simulated, the influence of the single or double reed is approximately included via simulations when measuring woodwind instruments.

However, there are two fundamental differences to measurements on brass instruments:

  • While there is a uniform valve system worldwide for brass instruments, namely 3, 4, 5, or 6 valves, one finds a multitude of completely different key and fingerhole systems for woodwind instruments. Therefore, 8 to a maximum of 16 measurements are not sufficient, as is the case with brass instruments. Rather, one must allow one measurement for each note and leave open with which fingering the note is played. This is why, for example, for a baritone saxophone in E-flat, the database is designed for 35 measurements. In practice, one will rarely measure all tones, but only examine some problem tones. Therefore, there is a simple way to define “standard tones”, which are then automatically considered for the measurements.
  • In the case of clarinets and saxophones, the curvature of the mouthpiece path prevents optimal coupling to the measuring head, in the case of transverse flutes it is not possible to measure at the mouth hole, which is open, and the diameters of the double reeds of oboes and bassoons are simply too small. BIAS therefore offers the possibility of measuring the mouthpiece of clarinets or the headjoint of flutes separately, and then the rest of the instrument.
With a click on the “combine” icon BIAS combines both curves as if you had measured the whole instrument.
However, you can also work with adapters. The additional volume is calculated and eliminated by BIAS with a click on the “shear” icon.
The following figures show a flute measured separately and a bassoon measured with an adapter.